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Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of disease and premature mortality, with substantial consequences for health systems, productivity, and broader societal well-being. At the same time, tobacco and nicotine policy is becoming increasingly complex as markets evolve, new nicotine products emerge, and regulatory approaches diverge across countries. This research stream examines how public policy can reduce tobacco-related harm effectively, while remaining proportionate, evidence-based, and responsive to changing patterns of use.

The research focuses on the design and evaluation of regulatory frameworks for both traditional tobacco products and newer nicotine alternatives. Key topics include taxation and pricing policy, product standards and consumer information, advertising and marketing restrictions, smoke-free policies, age-related access measures, and enforcement in relation to illicit markets. Particular attention is paid to the policy trade-offs between public health objectives, individual autonomy, and market dynamics, as well as to the need for regulatory coherence across products with different risk profiles.

In addition to regulation, the research addresses prevention and cessation policy, including interventions aimed at reducing initiation among young people and supporting quitting among adult smokers. Where relevant, it also examines harm reduction approaches and the conditions under which lower-risk alternatives may contribute to public health goals 鈥� alongside the need to mitigate unintended consequences such as uptake among non-smokers, dual use, or youth access.

A further emphasis is placed on robust policy evaluation and measurement. This includes the use of administrative and health data to assess impacts over time, the application of better regulation principles, and the development of monitoring tools and composite indicators that help translate complex evidence into interpretable signals for policymakers and the public. The goal is to support practical learning about what works, under what conditions, and at what cost 鈥� and to strengthen the evidence base for balanced tobacco and nicotine regulation in the Czech Republic, the EU, and beyond.